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Home Plant-physiology

Seed Structure And Seed Germination; Seed Dormancy, Seed Viability, BS Applied biosciences, Semester-1, Plant Physiology

3 years ago
in Plant-physiology
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Seed structure:

Seed maturation:

  • maturation of seed takes place in the fruit that is on the parent plant.
  • Endospermous seed: these are the seeds that have the ability to retain Endospermous tissues. which eventually die but these are surrounded by the layer of living cells, which is called aleurone layer. 
  • Non-Endospermous seed: these seeds cannot retain Endospermous tissues. these tissues are absorbed by cotyledons. these than become the food reserves for these seeds.

Dormancy:

  • during seed dormancy metabolism falls .
  • the number of organelles per cell decrease.
  • dehydration occur- its means that content of water also falls.
  • vacuole present in the seed deflates.
  • in dormancy state food reserves becomes dense crystalline form.

 How seed dormancy is maintained:

  • The physical barrier: the physical barrier is the seed coat ( Testa ) which is waxy in nature and water proof and impermeable to oxygen.
  • Physical state: it is dehydrated to be stay in dormancy state.
  • Chemical inhibitors:  these are also present . its example are alkaloids, mustard oil, organic acid and salts etc.
  • in this condition growth promotors are absent.

Seed viability: 

  • viability is define as when the  seed are capable of germination when all of the necessary environmental conditions are fulfil  
  • the average life span of the seed is about 10 to 15 years.
  • some leaves are of very short live like willow seeds  that have life span of about one week. 
  • some seeds are very long lived like mimosa seeds that are 221 years. 
  • condition are too very important for the long life span.
  • these conditions are like dry, cold, anaerobic condition.
  • in seed bank these are the main conditions which are maintained.

Germination : the process of breaking of dormancy:

it involves the growth of the embryo and its penetration of the seed coat

Germination stages and events:

Stages that lead to cell division:

The control of food reserves hydrolysis:

  • it is controlled by the growth promoters such as the gibberellin hormone and the growth inhibitors such as abscisic acid  
  • they perform their function by directly effect the genes that are for enzyme synthesis or the activity of the enzymes themselves. 
  • the growth substances are effected by the environmental factors for example light humidity and temperature.
  • there is the Negative feedback control of the enzymes:
  • the ability of the action of the enzyme is also limited by the substrate.
  • when all of the starch in the amyloplast is hydrolyzed the enzyme stop working.
  • so that the release of the food that is stored is adjusted to compensate the demand.

The mobilisation of food reserves:  

  • the food reserves these are stored in the form of large insoluble macromolecular form.
  • for transport they are hydrolyzed  by the enzymes into smaller soluble molecules
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